Circular Food Systems in Africa

Project Summary

The Circular Food Systems in Africa (CFS) project, funded by the Australian government through the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), is a transformative initiative focused on integrating irrigation, livestock, and dryland agricultural production to establish climate-smart, circular food systems in Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. By leveraging smallholder irrigation schemes as a foundation, the project aims to foster sustainable resource use, enhance local livelihoods, and increase resilience to climate change.

Through co-designed solutions with local stakeholders, the project prioritizes gender equality and youth inclusion, creating opportunities for women and young people in small and medium enterprises (SMMEs). It focuses on reducing resource consumption, optimizing value chains, and scaling sustainable practices through policy reform and innovative financing mechanisms.

Key outcomes include improved food security, economic growth, and climate resilience, demonstrating how circular food systems can decouple social and economic benefits from environmental costs. By bridging scientific research and practical implementation, the CFS project is setting a new benchmark for sustainable food systems in Africa.

Working in at least 5 localities in Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe, the project aims to use agricultural innovation platforms to build a mutual understanding of the basics of circularity (including creating local jobs for women and other underserved groups in value-adding locally) and facilitate the integration and inclusive co-design of local small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) and associated value chains.

Project Objectives
    1. To identify conditions for the successful establishment of circular food systems (centred on irrigation schemes serving smallholder farming communities).
    2. To identify approaches to improve gender equality and social inclusion in circular food systems (CFS) and local food systems, and the conditions that improve food security and livelihoods.
    3. To investigate whether CFS result in decoupling resource use from increasing socio-economic benefit and enable more resilient communities and low-emission agriculture.

    Intended Outcomes:

    1. Evidence base for CFS: Develop a stronger evidence base on how CFS interventions use natural resources (particularly water and land) more productively and create sustainable local food systems and resilient rural communities in a changing climate.
    2. Decoupling of growth and resource use: Develop a stronger evidence base on how CFS interventions support decoupling of growth in social and economic benefits (including local livelihood opportunities for women and youth) from the consumption of natural resources.
    3. Scaling out: Develop a stronger evidence base on how CFS interventions can be self-sustaining, scale out autonomously, and be scaled out through policy reform at district, provincial, and national scales.
    4. Gender: Improve leadership and decision-making of women, youth, and other underserved groups, promoting their access to economic assets and opportunities.

    Partners

    Australian National University; Ardhi University; Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network; International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics; University of Eduardo Mondlane; National Institute of Irrigation

    Journal articles

    Transforming smallholder irrigation systems from dysfunctional to functional climate-smart agricultural systems (Article)

    Institutions influencing plot access and intergenerational land transfer: Policy insights from a smallholder irrigation scheme in Zimbabwe (Article)

    Bjornlund, H., Parry, K. van Rooyen, A. and Pittock, J. (2025): Combining socio-institutional and technological innovations for sustained change in small-scale irrigation schemes in sub-Saharan African.  Agricultural Water Management 309, 109330. 

    Parry, K., Cooper, B., Bjornlund, H., Crase, L., Moyo, M., and Dube, T. (2025): Institutions influencing plot access and intergenerational land transfer: policy insights from a smallholder irrigation scheme in Zimbabwe. Journal of Rural Studies 114, 103576 

    Anderson, G., Manero, A. and Bjornlund, H. (2024): Equal Opportunity Sensitive Aggregate Wellbeing Measurement: Food Security and Basic Household Income on Sub Sahara African Farms. Review of Development Economics 

    Mdemu, M. Kimaro, E., Tafula, M., de Sousa, W., Moyo, M., Parry, K., Bjornlund, H., Mukwakwamic, P., and Ramshaw, P. (2023) Participatory mapping of irrigation schemes in Tanzania, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Agricultural Water Management 290 108591 

    Abebe, F.; Wheeler, S; Zou, A and Bjornlund, H. (2023): The welfare enhancing effects of agricultural innovation platforms and soil moisture and nutrients monitoring tools on farming household outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa/ International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 21(1) 

    Bjornlund, H., van Rooyen, A., Pittock, J. and Bjornlund, V. (2023): Research and development needs in agricultural water management to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Irrigation and Drainage.

    Abebe, F.; Wheeler, S; Zou, A; Bjornlund, H. Chilundo, M.; Kissolye, F. and Dube, T. (2022): The influences on farmers’ planned and actual farm adaptation decisions: Evidence from small-scale irrigation schemes in sub-Saharan Africa. Ecological Economics 202 

    Bjornlund, V.; Bjornlund, H. and van Rooyen, A. (2022): Why food insecurity persists in sub-Saharan Africa: A review of existing evidence. Springer NATURE: Food Security

    Bjornlund, H., van Rooyen, A., Pittock, J., and Bjornlund, V. (2021). Changing the development paradigm in African agricultural water management to resolve water and food challenges. Water International, 46 (7-8), The IWRA 50th Anniversary Issue, 1187-1204.  

    Van Rooyen, A., Bjornlund, H., and Pittock, J. (2021): Beyond fertilizer for closing yield gap in sub-Saharan Africa. NATURE Food, October.

    Bjornlund, H., van Rooyen, A., Pittock, J., Parry, K., Moyo, M., Mdemu, M. and de Sousa, W. (2020): Institutional innovation and smart water management technologies in small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Africa. Water international 45(6), 621-50 

    Bjornlund, V and Bjornlund, H. (2019): Understanding agricultural water management in a historical context using a socioeconomic and biophysical framework. Agricultural Water Management 213, 454-467. 

    Bjornlund, H., Zuo, A., Wheeler, S., Parry, K., Pittock, J., Mdemu, M., and Moyo M. (2019): The dynamics of the relationship between household decision-making and farm household income in small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Africa. Agricultural Water Management 213, 135-145. 

    Women, youth, and tail-end users: improving the livelihoods of disadvantaged irrigators in southern Africa (Article)

    Agroecology and circular food systems: Decoupling natural resource use from rural development in sub-Saharan Africa? (Article)

    International Journal of Water Resources Development: Vol 36, No sup1

     

    International Journal of Water Resources Development: Vol 33, No 5.

    The Circular Food Systems in Africa project (WAC/2023/111) is funded by the Australian Government through the  Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research (ACIAR)